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1.
河北沿岸微微型浮游植物的分布特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
于2006年7月～ 2007年10月间,分4个季度调查了河北省沿岸微微型浮游植物的丰度和生物量及对浮游植物总生物量的贡献.结果显示:河北近岸海域聚球藻蓝细菌丰度为4.46×103个/mL(0.79×103～ 16.19×103个/mL),生物量(以碳计,下同)为1.31 mg/m3 (0.84～17.47 mg/m3),季节分布特征为秋季＞冬季＞夏季＞春季.微微型光合真核生物丰度为4.43×102个/mL (0.84×102～ 17.47×102个/mL),生物量为1.11mg /m3 (0.21～ 4.37 mg/m3),季节变化变现为秋季＞冬季＞春季＞夏季.微微型浮游植物对浮游植物总生物量的贡献年平均为5.32％(1.84％～ 8.91％),春季最高,秋季最低.温度在较冷季节(冬春季)里是影响聚球藻蓝细菌生长和分布的控制因素.总之,在近岸环境里,微微型浮游植物并不占优势. 相似文献
2.
青藏高原多年冻土微生物的培养和计数 总被引：20，自引：9，他引：11
以青藏高原腹地北麓河流域的两个6m钻孔为对象,对多年冻土中保存的微生物进行初步培养和总数测定,并分析了微生物与土壤环境之间的关系.结果表明,两个钻孔中可以培养的微生物数目在3.6×106～5.0×102之间;随着深度增加,冻土年代递增,可以培养的数目显著减少.表层冻土属于季节冻土,可培养的微生物种群较多.总的土壤微生物数目(包括可以培养和不能培养的微生物)随深度递减,两个孔在3.8×109～1.0×107之间.相关性分析表明,土壤中可以培养的微生物以及总的微生物与土壤的pH值、电导率、总有机质和全氮没有显著的相关关系,而与土壤深度关系密切.两个钻孔间的地表植被虽然差异明显,但从可培养的微生物数量和土壤微生物总数比较看来,两孔间没有明显的不同. 相似文献
3.
从系统全局出发,以管道单元动态抗震可靠度和震后给水管网各节点的动态自由水压为参数,以优化加固后的管网系统震后水压总降幅最小或系统加固总投入最小为优化目标,对加固方案进行优选,从而给出管网系统的抗震加固优化策略。根据管网系统的功能要求、震害特点,将优化变量转化为较少的离散变量,并利用正交枚举法进行简化计算,从而避免了大规模非线性规划求解的困难,为给水管网的抗震加固优化提供了实用有效的方法。 相似文献
4.
Michelle A Ramsay Richard P.J Swannell Warren A Shipton Norman C Duke Russell T Hill 《Marine pollution bulletin》2000,41(7-12):413-419
Bioremediation was conducted in the field on a mature Rhizophora stylosa mangrove stand on land to be reclaimed near Fisherman’s Landing Wharf, Gladstone Australia. Gippsland crude oil was added to six large plots (>40 m2) and three plots were left untreated as controls. Bioremediation was used to treat three oiled plots and the remaining three were maintained as oiled only plots. The bioremediation strategy consisted of actively aerating the sediment and adding a slow-release fertilizer in order to promote oil biodegradation by indigenous micro-organisms. Oil addition stimulated the numbers of alkane-degrading bacteria slightly to levels of 104–105/g sediment. Bioremediation of the oiled sediment had a marked effect on the alkane-degrading population, increasing the population size by three orders of magnitude from 105 to 108 cells/g of sediment. An effect of bioremediation on the growth of aromatic-degraders was detected with numbers of aromatic-degraders increasing from 104 to 106 cells/g of sediment. Active aeration and nutrient addition significantly stimulated the growth of hydrocarbon-degraders in oiled mangrove sediment in the field. 相似文献
5.
为揭示太湖水体中浮游病毒的分布规律,了解其在微食物环中的生态功能,2013年9月至2014年5月间,采用SYBR Green I荧光显微计数法,研究了太湖水体中浮游病毒的时空分布特征,并探讨了影响水体中病毒丰度的主要环境因子。结果表明:(1)太湖水体中浮游病毒的丰度具有显著的空间差异,网围养殖区的病毒丰度较高,为(3.52±0.28)×107 ind./m L,敞水区的病毒丰度较低,为(4.06±0.90)×106 ind./m L;(2)浮游病毒的丰度也具有显著的时间差异,秋季浮游病毒的丰度为(2.83±0.74)×107ind./m L,显著大于春季(3.11±0.67)×106ind./m L;(3)太湖水体中浮游病毒的丰度与叶绿素a浓度之间具有显著的正相关性,但与异养细菌丰度间的相关性不显著,表明太湖水体浮游病毒以浮游藻类病毒为主。 相似文献
6.
Isabel G. Teixeira Francisco G. Figueiras Bibiana G. CrespoSílvia Piedracoba 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2011
The dilution technique, combined with identification and enumeration of pico-, nano- and micro-plankton by microscopy, was used to estimate microzooplankton impact on the microbial community in surface waters of a coastal embayment on the NW Iberian upwelling system. Microzooplankton were important consumers of autotrophic and heterotrophic plankton in this system, feeding up to 93% of standing stock and more than 100% of production of several groups. Heterotrophic bacteria and heterotrophic picoflagellates experienced the highest and constant impact, with 75–84% of their standing stocks and 85–102% of their production being channelled through the microbial food web. Pico- and nano-phytoplankton were also consumed, although maximum grazing occurred on diatoms during upwelling events, coinciding with highest primary production. Predation on pico-nano-heterotrophs was especially relevant under downwelling conditions, when consumption of total carbon and particularly autotrophic carbon was considerably lower than during upwelling. The results suggest that the existence of a multivorous food web, extending from the microbial loop to the herbivorous food web, could be a major feature in this coastal upwelling system. The microbial loop, which occurs as a permanent background in the system, would contribute to sustain the microbial food web during downwelling, whereas the herbivorous food web could coexist with a microbial food web based on large diatoms during upwelling. The multivorous food web would partially divert diatoms from sinking and hence favour the retention of organic matter in the water column. This could enhance the energy transfer to higher pelagic trophic levels in coastal upwelling systems. 相似文献
7.
Simultaneous enumeration of diatom,protozoa and meiobenthos from marine sediments using Ludox-QPS method 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The Ludox-QPS method is a newly developed technique, which combines the Ludox HS 40 density centrifugation and quantitative protargol stain, to enumerate marine ciliates with good taxonomic resolution. We tested the method for simultaneous enumeration of diatoms, protozoa and meiobenthos and compared its extraction efficiency for meiobenthos with that of the routine Ludox-TM centrifugation and a modified protocol using Ludox HS 40. We conducted the evaluation with a sample size of 8.3 ml each from sandy, muddy-sand and muddy sediments collected from the intertidal area of the Yellow Sea in summer 2006 and spring 2007. The Ludox-QPS method not only produced high extraction efficiencies of 97±1.3% for diatoms and 97.6±0.8% for ciliates, indicating a reliable enumeration for eukaryotic microbenthos, but also produced excellent extraction efficiencies of on average 97.3% for total meiobenthos, 97.9% for nematodes and 97.8% for copepods from sands, muddy sands and mud. By contrast, the routine Ludox-TM centrifugation obtained only about 74% of total meiobenthos abundance with one extraction cycle, and the modified Ludox HS 40 centrifugation yielded on average 93% of total meiobenthos: 89.4±2.0% from sands, 93±4.1% from muddy sands and 97.1±3.0% from mud. Apart from the sediment type, sample volume was another important factor affecting the extraction efficiency for meiobenthos. The extraction rate was increased to about 96.4% when using the same modified Ludox centrifugation for a 4 ml sediment sample. Besides the excellent extraction efficiency, the Ludox-QPS method obtained higher abundances of meiobenthos, in particular nematodes, than the routine Ludox centrifugation, which frequently resulted in an uncertain loss of small meiobenthos during the sieving process. Statistical analyses demonstrated that there were no significant differences between the meiobenthos communities revealed by the Ludox-QPS method and the modified Ludox HS 40 centrifugation, showing the high efficiency of the Ludox-QPS method for simultaneous enumeration of diatom, protozoa and meiobenthos. Moreover, the comparatively high taxonomic resolution of the method, especially for diatoms and ciliates, makes it feasible to investigate microbial ecology at community level. 相似文献
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9.
Lifelines are networks extending spatiallyover large areas. Transportation systems, pipelines,communication and power transmission systems areexamples of lifelines. The performance of a lifelineafter a major earthquake is particularly vital for acommunity because of the emergency services that areusually required after such events. Performancemeasures are usually expressed in terms of quantitiesthat are assessed based on statistical andprobabilistic methodologies. The major performancemeasure is the probability of reaching from aspecified point to another one successfully after acatastrophic event, such as an earthquake. Evaluationof this performance measure requires a seismic hazardmethodology, capacity determination techniques andnetwork reliability assessment methods. By combiningthese three aspects in one model, it is possible tocalculate the reliability of any lifeline system underseismic danger. The aim of this paper is to present aprobabilistic model for the evaluation of the seismicreliability of lifeline networks having multiplesources. The seismic reliability of a waterdistribution system located in Bursa, Turkey isassessed in order to show the implementation of theproposed model. The numerical calculations are carriedout by the LIFEPACK software, which is developed forthis purpose. 相似文献
10.
淡水浮游植物计数与定量方法 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
显微镜计数法是淡水浮游植物计数最常用的经典方法,是浮游植物生物量测定的基本方法,也是衡量其他测定方法准确性的依据.随着科技的发展,可见分光光度法、荧光分光光度法、流式细胞显微镜计数法、库尔特计数法等新型细胞计数法相继问世.对各种方法的特点进行比较,结果表明:光密度法、流式摄像机计数法、流式细胞仪法、叶绿素a法等仅能够分析测定浮游植物生物量,而显微镜法是测量浮游植物粒径的经典方法,不仅可以测定浮游植物生物量,还可以进行浮游植物的种类及群落结构分析.以上这些方法都可以用于浮游植物的计数与定量,可以根据不同的需求来选择最佳的浮游植物计数方法,如分析方便性、样本处理速率、样本大小等.但显微镜计数法在淡水生态学中具有不可替代的作用. 相似文献